Nonprofit Organizations Institute
Austin – Four Seasons Hotel – Jan 22-23, 2026
Don’t miss the 43rd Annual Nonprofit Organizations Institute, featuring nationally recognized experts from private foundations, public charities, law, finance, and government discussing the latest tax, legislative and governance issues affecting nonprofit organizations. The Institute offers in-depth discussion on the issues most relevant to your organization or practice, with two days of presentations, targeted tracks, and opportunities to attend small-group "master classes" for a deeper dive on key topics. By attending this program, participants will be able to: Analyze recent federal and state regulatory developments impacting nonprofit organizations, including IRS audits, DOJ investigations, and legislative updates. Evaluate fiduciary duties, risk management strategies, and ethical considerations to strengthen nonprofit governance and compliance. Apply practical frameworks for managing charitable giving vehicles (DAFs, fiscal sponsors, supporting organizations) and structuring grants, contracts, and prizes. Assess emerging issues such as artificial intelligence, advocacy, multi-entity structures, and international grantmaking to guide nonprofit operations in a changing environment. Join a day early for the Nonprofit Organizations Essentials—the perfect half-day overview for new entrants and seasoned practitioners alike, with focused attention on core concerns and strategies for both private foundations and charitable organizations, as well as opportunities to ask questions of experts and colleagues.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 13.50 | 1.50 ethics
- Credit Info
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Specializations:
Estate Planning and Probate Law, Tax Law
Nonprofit Organizations Essentials
Austin – Four Seasons Hotel – Jan 21, 2026
The 2026 Nonprofit Organizations Essentials program is the perfect half-day overview for new entrants and seasoned practitioners alike, with focused attention on core concerns and strategies for both private foundations and charitable organizations, as well as opportunities to ask questions of experts and colleagues. By attending this program, participants will be able to: Identify the key decision points and strategies in forming new tax-exempt entities under Section 501(c)(3) Evaluate compliance and operational considerations necessary to maintain tax-exempt status, including recurring filings, unrelated business income, private benefit, and private inurement. Understand the essential information in Forms 990 and 990-PF, plus laws central to regulatory oversight by the IRS and states' attorneys general. Continue on for the 43rd Annual Nonprofit Organizations Institute for two full days of nationally recognized experts from private foundations, public charities, law, finance and government discussing the latest tax, legislative and governance issues affecting nonprofit organizations.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 4.00
- Credit Info
-
Specializations:
Estate Planning and Probate Law, Tax Law
First Friday Ethics (August 2025)
STUDIO WEBCAST – Aug 1, 2025
10:00 a.m. to 1:20 p.m. (3.00 hr | 3.00 hr ethics) Need ethics credit? We’ve got you covered! UT Law CLE’s First Friday Ethics streams live every first Friday of the month, and features some of our best ethics speakers and presentations for a total of 3.00 hrs ethics credit. Fulfill your entire annual ethics requirement in Texas in one day! This month includes: 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. (1.00 hr | 1.00 hr ethics) Artificial Intelligence Tools and Thoughtful Implementation and Use (Replay) We all see multiple stories about the rapid growth and entry into our daily lives of artificial tools. It is difficult to overstate how much things will change with the rise of these new technologies, or how important it is that companies embrace the opportunity to execute it correctly. Having conversations regarding the proper embrace of these technologies and these tools is a crucial first step, including drafting policies to assist companies with their beneficial and thoughtful adoption and use of these technologies, which are unique to each company and industry. This presentation will define the state of artificial intelligence tools, what benefits and risks exist, and finally steps to begin embracing these technologies with appropriate guardrails, policies, and training. It is less likely that artificial intelligence destroys industries, and much more likely that companies that embrace artificial intelligence will take overtake those companies that do not embrace artificial intelligence. Mark McCreary, Fox Rothschild LLP - Yardley, PA 11:10 a.m. to 12:10 p.m. (1.00 hr | 1.00 hr ethics) Ethics Potpourri: 10 Tips to Help You Sleep at Night (Replay) Regardless of their credentials, experience, and the setting in which they work, tax professionals risk uncertainty and sleepless nights in balancing duties to their clients, companies, and the community at large. This session offers 10 tips to mitigate tax ethics insomnia, from confirming who your client is, what professional standards apply, how to keep up to date and safeguard confidences, when to rely on outside experts, and what your obligations and options are when conflicts arise or when you, your client, or an outside expert makes a mistake. Timothy J. McCormally, Arlington, VA 12:20 p.m. to 1:20 p.m. (1.00 hr | 1.00 hr ethics) Thrive Together: Cultivating Wellness for You and Your Legal Team (Replay) Explore the essential role of burnout prevention in the legal profession and discover practical strategies to cultivate wellness for yourself and your staff. This session equips you with actionable tools for fostering a thriving, resilient legal team. Alicia Freeman, Texas Lawyers' Assistance Program (TLAP) - Austin, TX Kiele Linroth Pace, Pacefirm Consulting, LLC - Austin, TX If you cannot watch the entire webcast at its scheduled time, register now and view the recording and eCourse when it is available in “Your Briefcase” after the webcast. Earn CLE credit (in TX and CA) on your time!
- Total Credit Hours:
- 3.00 | 3.00 ethics
- Credit Info
Higher Education Taxation Institute
Austin – The Otis Hotel Austin – Jun 5-6, 2025
Live Webcast – Jun 5-6, 2025
The Higher Education Taxation Institute (HETI) provides a unique forum for college and university tax professionals from around the country to examine and discuss federal tax issues and compliance, as well as legislative, judicial, regulatory, and administrative changes affecting colleges and universities. Highlights : Recent Developments in College and University Tax Law reviews recent tax law developments that affect the higher education community, such as Congressional legislation, IRS enforcement measures and pronouncements as well as judicial decisions. Legislative and Policy Update, Learning to Deal With the Chaos that is 2025, provides insight into various legislative proposals being discussed regarding taxation of universities, their endowments, and how school conduct and governance policies are influencing tax policy. Nonresident Alien Tax Update discusses the long-awaited final Treasury Regulations regarding digital content and cloud transactions as related to the international provisions of IRC section 861. Ethics Potpourri: 10 Tips to Help You Sleep at Night provides10 tips to mitigate tax ethics insomnia, from confirming who your client is, what professional standards apply, how to keep up to date and safeguard confidences, when to rely on outside experts, and what your obligations — and options — are when conflicts arise or when you, your client, or an outside expert makes a mistake. Plus, join faculty, planning committee, and attendees at the Thursday Evening Reception.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 12.00 | 1.00 ethics
- Credit Info
-
Specialization:
Tax Law
Nonprofit Organizations Institute
Austin – Four Seasons Hotel – Jan 23-24, 2025
Don’t miss the 42nd Annual Nonprofit Organizations Institute, featuring nationally recognized experts from private foundations, public charities, law, finance, and government discussing the latest tax, legislative and governance issues affecting nonprofit organizations. The Institute offers in-depth discussion on the issues most relevant to your organization or practice, with two days of presentations, targeted tracks, and opportunities to attend small-group "master classes" for a deeper dive on key topics. Join a day early for the Nonprofit Organizations Fundamentals—a perfect overview for new entrants and seasoned practitioners in the field. It provides focused attention on core issues for both private foundations and charitable organizations, as well as opportunities ask questions of experts and colleagues.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 13.50 | 1.00 ethics
- Credit Info
-
Specializations:
Estate Planning and Probate Law, Tax Law
Nonprofit Organizations Fundamentals
Austin – Four Seasons Hotel – Jan 22, 2025
The 2025 Nonprofit Organizations Fundamentals is the perfect overview for new entrants and seasoned practitioners in the field, with focused attention on core issues for both private foundations and charitable organizations, as well as opportunities to ask questions of experts and colleagues. Continue on for the 42nd Annual Nonprofit Organizations Institute for two full days of nationally recognized experts from private foundations, public charities, law, finance and government discussing the latest tax, legislative and governance issues affecting nonprofit organizations.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 4.00
- Credit Info
-
Specializations:
Estate Planning and Probate Law, Tax Law
Higher Education Taxation Institute
Austin – The Otis Hotel Austin – Jun 13-14, 2024
The Higher Education Taxation Institute (HETI) provides a unique forum for college and university tax professionals from around the country to examine and discuss federal tax issues and compliance, as well as legislative, judicial, regulatory, and administrative changes affecting colleges and universities. This year's conference will be held on a Thursday - Friday date pattern. Highlights : Recent Developments in College and University Tax Law reviews recent tax law developments that affect the higher education community, such as Congressional legislation, IRS enforcement measures and pronouncements as well as judicial decisions. Legislative and Policy Update; Playing Defense for 2024 and Preparing for 2025, provides insight into what has been and will be occurring in 2024 regarding taxation of universities, their endowments, and examinations of school conduct and governance policies. Managing UBTI to Infinity and Beyond discusses Form 990-T reporting for both alternative investments and other university operations, including additional issues and forms that have arisen during the post pandemic period, such as debt from lines of credit, rent from unused office space, income from tech transfer, income from investments, and energy tax credits, among others. International Jeopardy is an interactive game of Jeopardy with topics highlighting international issues including; BEPS 2.0, indirect and digital taxes, nexus and triggering permanent establishment, NSPM33, 117 compliance, audit notices, and more! Plus, join faculty, planning committee, and attendees at the Thursday Evening Reception.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 12.75 | 1.00 ethics
- Credit Info
-
Specialization:
Tax Law
Nonprofit Organizations Institute
Austin – Four Seasons Hotel – Feb 8-9, 2024
Don’t miss the 41st Annual Nonprofit Organizations Institute, featuring nationally recognized experts from private foundations, public charities, law, finance, and government discussing the latest tax, legislative and governance issues affecting nonprofit organizations. The Institute offers in-depth discussion on the issues most relevant to your organization or practice, with two days of presentations, targeted tracks, and opportunities to attend small-group "master classes" for a deeper dive on key topics. Join a day early for the Nonprofit Organizations Fundamentals—a perfect overview for new entrants and seasoned practitioners in the field. It provides focused attention on core issues for both private foundations and charitable organizations, as well as opportunities ask questions of experts and colleagues.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 13.25 | 1.00 ethics
- Credit Info
-
Specializations:
Estate Planning and Probate Law, Tax Law
Nonprofit Organizations Fundamentals
Austin – Four Seasons Hotel – Feb 7, 2024
The 2024 Nonprofit Organizations Fundamentals is the perfect overview for new entrants and seasoned practitioners in the field, with focused attention on core issues for both private foundations and charitable organizations, as well as opportunities to ask questions of experts and colleagues. Continue on for the 41st Annual Nonprofit Organizations Institute for two full days of nationally recognized experts from private foundations, public charities, law, finance and government discussing the latest tax, legislative and governance issues affecting nonprofit organizations.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 4.00
- Credit Info
-
Specializations:
Estate Planning and Probate Law, Tax Law
First Friday Ethics (October 2023)
STUDIO WEBCAST – Oct 6, 2023
10:00 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. (3.00 hr | 3.00 hr ethics) Need ethics credit? We’ve got you covered! UT Law CLE’s First Friday Ethics streams live every first Friday of the month, and features some of our best ethics speakers and presentations for a total of 3.00 hrs ethics credit. Fulfill your entire annual ethics requirement in Texas in one day! This month includes: 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. (1.00 hr | 1.00 hr ethics) AI and Effective Corporate Governance (Replay) This discussion covers artificial intelligence (AI) fundamentals and business opportunities to utilize AI responsibly and strategically. The panelists also address corporate governance and compliance frameworks to enable boards and business leadership to proactively and effectively manage risks posed by AI. Regina Jones, Baker Hughes - Houston, TX Ryan D. McConnell, R. McConnell Group PLLC - Houston, TX Meagan Baker Thompson, R. McConnell Group PLLC - Austin, TX 11:10 a.m. to 11:55 a.m. (0.75 hr | 0.75 hr ethics) Requests from on High: Keeping In-House Counsel Out of Hot Water (Replay) One of internal counsel’s many functions is to avert problems for their employers. But sometimes in keeping their client away from the fire, they risk being singed. These concerns implicate challenging attorney-client privilege issues, clarity in communicating to employees and management who they represent, educating others about how to maintain confidentiality, engaging the right counsel and consultants for the proper purposes, and knowing when to stay away from direct interaction in depositions, mediations and regulator meetings and interactions, or when to interact directly. Joel Cohen, White & Case LLP - New York, NY 12:05 p.m. to 12:50 p.m. (0.75 hr | 0.75 hr ethics) Ethics on the Edge (Replay) Whether in-house or in private practice, technology lawyers increasingly find themselves counseling clients operating at or beyond the edge of what the law has contemplated—and sometimes with business models so “disruptive” they may even be illegal. Explore the ethics issues that come into play in such situations, through real-world examples of how experienced in-house lawyers have counseled their clients though high-risk innovation and legal uncertainty. Christopher T. Brown, KASTNER/GRAVELLE LLP - Austin, TX Cara Connolly, Reality Labs at Meta - Austin, TX Catherine Dawson, AffiniPay - Austin, TX 1:00 p.m to 1:30 p.m. (0.50 hr | 0.50 hr ethics) Pro Bono Opportunities for Business Attorneys (Replay) Texas Accountants and Lawyers for the Arts (TALA) offers attorneys the opportunity to work with creatives, non-profits, and others who qualify based on their income on various legal issues such as entity formation, contracts, trademark/patent/copyright filings, and other general legal needs. An in depth discussion on these opportunities as well as give several examples of cases or matters handled by volunteer attorneys. Angela L. Lee, TALA - Austin, TX Adrian Resendez, Brough & Resendez PLLC - Austin, TX If you cannot watch the entire webcast at its scheduled time, register now and view the recording and eCourse when it is available in “Your Briefcase” after the webcast. Earn CLE credit (in TX and CA) on your time!
- Total Credit Hours:
- 3.00 | 3.00 ethics
- Credit Info
Higher Education Taxation Institute
Austin – Hotel ZaZa Austin Downtown – Jun 5-6, 2023
Live Webcast – Jun 5-6, 2023
The Higher Education Taxation Institute (HETI) provides a unique forum for college and university tax professionals from around the country to examine and discuss federal tax issues and compliance, as well as legislative, judicial, regulatory, and administrative changes affecting colleges and universities. Examine recent tax law developments that affect institutions of higher education, including updates on congressional activity, IRS enforcement measures and pronouncements, and judicial decisions. Two-part session on the effects, opportunities, and impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act on institutions of higher education. Explore UBTI and UBIT communication and risk management techniques. Gain insight on the tax issues associated with student and other people payments; joint ventures; sponsored research; nonresident alien tax issues; and much more
- Total Credit Hours:
- 13.00 | 1.00 ethics
- Credit Info
-
Specialization:
Tax Law
First Friday Ethics (June 2023)
STUDIO WEBCAST – Jun 2, 2023
10:00 a.m. to 1:20 p.m. (3.00 hr | 3.00 hr ethics) Need ethics credit? We’ve got you covered! UT Law CLE’s First Friday Ethics streams live every first Friday of the month, and features some of our best ethics speakers and presentations for a total of 3.00 hrs ethics credit. Fulfill your entire annual ethics requirement in Texas in one day! This month includes: 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. (1.00 hr | 1.00 hr ethics) Ethics, and Other Issues in Student-Athlete NIL Deals (REPLAY) Colleges and universities have a complicated role in the rapidly evolving world of student-athlete NIL deals. Explore some of the issues that colleges and universities need to consider, including tricky questions about how to support student-athletes’ efforts to secure NIL deals while also protecting the institution. Amy A. Rodriguez, Adler & Colvin - San Francisco, CA Julie D. Vannatta, The Ohio State University, Retired - Columbus, OH 11:10 a.m. to 12:10 p.m. (1.00 hr | 1.00 hr ethics) Deal Ethics (REPLAY) A discussion on a number of ethical issues that come up in the practice of mergers and acquisitions, including whether the same firm can represent two bidders for the same target, other conflicts of interest, the no-contact rule, managing the lawyer’s duty for truthfulness and protecting the client’s privilege. David I. Albin, Finn Dixon & Herling LLP - Stamford, CT Nathaniel L. Doliner, Carlton Fields - Tampa, FL 12:20 p.m. to 1:20 p.m. (1.00 hr | 1.00 hr ethics) Mum’s the Word: Maintaining Client Confidentiality while Working from Anywhere and Everywhere (REPLAY) Working remotely and virtual meetings are here to stay. This presentation provides practical suggestions for structuring engagement letters, addressing conflicts of interest, and safeguarding client communications across all mediums. Jeff Chadwick, Winstead PC - The Woodlands, TX If you cannot watch the entire webcast at its scheduled time, register now and view the recording and eCourse when it is available in “Your Briefcase” after the webcast. Earn CLE credit (in TX and CA) on your time!
- Total Credit Hours:
- 3.00 | 3.00 ethics
- Credit Info
Managing Your Workforce in an Age of Mobility, Flexibility and Generational Shifts (REPLAY)
STUDIO WEBCAST – Mar 22, 2023
11:45 a.m. to 12:45 p.m. (1.00 hr) Managing Your Workforce in an Age of Mobility, Flexibility and Generational Shifts (REPLAY) Explore the legal, compliance, and employee relations challenges as employees become increasingly dispersed both in terms of geography and expectations, including challenges associated with the rise of remote work, the availability of viable alternatives to traditional employment, and the seemingly growing call for a new understanding of the role of work in life. Jason Boulette, Boulette Golden & Marin L.L.P. - Austin, TX If you cannot watch the entire webcast at its scheduled time, register now and view the recording and eCourse when it is available in “Your Briefcase” after the webcast. Earn CLE credit (in TX and CA) on your time!
- Total Credit Hours:
- 1.00
- Credit Info
Nonprofit Organizations Institute
Austin – Four Seasons Hotel – Jan 19-20, 2023
Don’t miss the 40th Annual Nonprofit Organizations Institute, featuring nationally recognized experts from private foundations, public charities, law, finance, and government discussing the latest tax, legislative and governance issues affecting nonprofit organizations. The Institute offers in-depth discussion on the issues most relevant to your organization or practice, with two days of presentations, targeted tracks, and opportunities to attend small-group "master classes" for a deeper dive on key topics. Join a day early for the Nonprofit Organizations Fundamentals Workshop—a perfect overview for new entrants and seasoned practitioners in the field. The Workshop provides focused attention on core issues for both private foundations and charitable organizations, as well as multiple small-group opportunities to walk through practical tips and advice, and to ask questions of experts and colleagues.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 12.50 | 1.00 ethics
- Credit Info
-
Specializations:
Estate Planning and Probate Law, Tax Law
Nonprofit Organizations Fundamentals Workshop
Austin – Four Seasons Hotel – Jan 18, 2023
The 2023 Nonprofit Organizations Fundamentals Workshop is the perfect overview for new entrants and seasoned practitioners in the field, with focused attention on core issues for both private foundations and charitable organizations, as well as multiple small-group opportunities to walk through practical tips and advice, and to ask questions of experts and colleagues. Continue on for the Nonprofit Organizations Institute for two full days of nationally recognized experts from private foundations, public charities, law, finance and government discussing the latest tax, legislative and governance issues affecting nonprofit organizations.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 4.00
- Credit Info
-
Specializations:
Estate Planning and Probate Law, Tax Law
First Friday Ethics (October 2022)
STUDIO WEBCAST – Oct 7, 2022
10:00 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. (3.00 hr | 3.00 hr ethics) Need ethics credit? We’ve got you covered! UT Law CLE’s First Friday Ethics streams live every first Friday of the month, and features some of our best ethics speakers and presentations for a total of 3.00 hrs ethics credit. Fulfill your entire annual ethics requirement in Texas in one day! This month includes: 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. (1.00 hr | 1.00 hr ethics) Overcoming Imposter Syndrome (REPLAY) Kiele Linroth Pace, Pacefirm Consulting, LLC - Austin, TX 11:10 a.m. to 12:10 p.m. (1.00 hr | 1.00 hr ethics) Approaches to Privilege During Deposition Breaks (REPLAY) Jason Boulette, Boulette Golden & Marin L.L.P. - Austin, TX 12:20 p.m. to 12:50 p.m. (0.50 hr | 0.50 hr ethics) Pro Bono Opportunities for Business Attorneys (REPLAY) Angela L. Lee, TALA - Austin, TX Adrian Resendez, Brough & Resendez PLLC - Austin, TX 1:00 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. (0.50 hr | 0.50 hr ethics) What Every Attorney Needs to Know About Cybersecurity (REPLAY) Jennifer S. Freel, Jackson Walker LLP - Austin, TX Co-Author David Springer, Dropbox, Inc. - Austin, TX If you cannot watch the entire webcast at its scheduled time, register now and view the recording and eCourse when it is available in “Your Briefcase” after the webcast. Earn CLE credit (in TX and CA) on your time!
- Total Credit Hours:
- 3.00 | 3.00 ethics
- Credit Info
Higher Education Taxation Institute
Austin – Sheraton Austin Hotel at the Capitol – Jun 20-21, 2022
Live Webcast – Jun 20-21, 2022
The Higher Education Taxation Institute (HETI) provides a unique forum for college and university tax professionals from around the country to examine and discuss federal tax issues and compliance, as well as legislative, judicial, regulatory, and administrative changes affecting colleges and universities. Examine recent tax law developments that affect institutions of higher education, including updates on congressional activity, IRS enforcement measures and pronouncements, and judicial decisions. Schedule B and Beyond: Donor Privacy and the Power of the State explores the far reaching consequences of the Supreme Court’s decision in Americans for Prosperity v. Bonta for nonprofit organizations. Hear learning lessons and current discussion on issues a tax manager should consider surrounding a remote workforce. Examine UBIT considerations in three distinct sessions including topics on identifying UBIT on your campus, sponsorships and advertising, and walking through your return. Gain insight on the tax issues associated with cryptocurrency; tax exempt bonds, post issuance compliance, and management contracts; nonresident alien tax issues; and much more. Join us on Sunday for the Higher Education Taxation Essentials program beginning at noon—a great introduction for those new to the higher education tax field and a perfect refresher for those who aren’t.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 12.75 | 1.00 ethics
- Credit Info
-
Specialization:
Tax Law
Higher Education Taxation Essentials
Austin – Sheraton Austin Hotel at the Capitol – Jun 19, 2022
Live Webcast – Jun 19, 2022
The ideal introduction for new entrants to the field and the perfect refresher for seasoned practitioners, Higher Education Taxation Essentials provides an overview in key areas such as UBIT; payments and fringe benefits, 501(c)(3) status, and tax reform basics. Stay on for the 10th Annual Higher Education Taxation Institute (HETI), for in-depth coverage of federal tax issues, legislative and regulatory changes, and practical guidance in higher education taxation.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 5.00
- Credit Info
-
Specialization:
Tax Law
Insights into Cryptocurrency for Nonprofits
STUDIO WEBCAST – Mar 10, 2022
11:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. (1.00 hr) Insights into Cryptocurrency for Nonprofits Join Armanino’s digital assets and nonprofit experts to learn about market trends in cryptocurrency; Bitcoin and how it can diversify your organization’s investment portfolio; and cryptocurrency opportunities for nonprofit organizations. If you cannot watch the entire webcast at its scheduled time, register now and view the recording and eCourse when it is available in “Your Briefcase” after the webcast. Earn CLE credit (in TX and CA) on your time!
- Total Credit Hours:
- 1.00
- Credit Info
Nonprofit Organizations Institute
Proceeding as Live Webcast – Jan 13-14, 2022
Don’t miss the 39th Annual Nonprofit Organizations Institute—now as a live webcast—featuring nationally recognized experts from private foundations, public charities, law, finance, and government discussing the latest tax, legislative and governance issues affecting nonprofit organizations. The Institute offers in-depth discussion on the issues most relevant to your organization or practice, with two days of presentations, targeted tracks, and opportunities to attend small-group "master classes" for a deeper dive on key topics. Join a day early for the Nonprofit Organizations Fundamentals Workshop—a perfect overview for new entrants and seasoned practitioners in the field. The Workshop provides focused attention on core issues for both private foundations and charitable organizations, as well as multiple small-group opportunities to walk through practical tips and advice, and to ask questions of experts and colleagues.
- Total Credit Hours:
- 13.25 | 1.00 ethics
- Credit Info
-
Specializations:
Estate Planning and Probate Law, Tax Law